• Capitalize proper nouns - the names of particular people, places, or things. Also the derivatives of proper nouns are capitalized.

Machiavelli, Machiavellian

• Capitalize the first, last, and all other words in a title except: articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and the "to" in infinitives.

• Capitalize titles before a name and before titles of high rank.

President Chirac

• A title by itself is not capitalized, unless it specifically substitutes for a name.

He wanted to be a congressman.
BUT: Congressman Smith did not answer the call; the  Congressman knew exactly who was at the other end of the line.

• Capitalize degrees and titles following a name.

Selina Jackson, M.A.

• Capitalize the names of movements, organizations, and periods of history.

the European Movement, the Democratic Party, the Neoclassical age

• The initial definite article in the titles of magazines or newspapers is not usually treated as part of the title.

the New York times 

• The words "series" and "edition" are capitalized only if part of the exact title.

Norton Critical Edition

• Capitalize a noun followed by a numeral referring to the specific part of a sequence.

Vol. III of 3 vols.

• Be careful with the following capitalizations:

Latin-American, un-American, non-European, pro-European.